Minimum wage on the ballot

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Minimum wage on the ballot: This subtopic of "wages and pay" refers to ballot measures regarding minimum wage. Specifically, this has included the increase and establishment of minimum wage.

Outcomes of minimum wage measures, 1996-2023

From 1996 to 2022, there were 28 minimum wage increase measures on the ballot. Voters approved 26 (92.86%) and rejected two (7.14%).[1]

As of 2022, the last time that voters rejected a minimum wage increase measure was in 1996, when measures were defeated in Missouri and Montana.

The following chart shows election outcomes for minimum wage increase ballot measures from 1996 to 2022.

Measures to increase state minimum wages (1996-2022)
Year State Measure Wage Type Yes votes (%) No votes (%) Outcome
2022 Nebraska Nebraska Initiative 433 $15.00 (2026) Initiative 58.66% 41.34% Approveda
2022 Nevada Amendment 2 $12.00 (2024) Referral 55.18% 44.82% Approveda
2020 Florida Amendment 2 $15.00 (2026) Initiative 60.82% 39.18% Approveda
2018 Arkansas Issue 5 $11.00 (2021) Initiative 68.46% 31.54% Approveda
2018 Missouri Proposition B $12.00 (2023) Initiative 62.34% 37.66% Approveda
2016 Arizona Proposition 206 $12.00 (2020) Initiative 58.33% 41.67% Approveda
2016 Colorado Amendment 70 $12.00 (2020) Initiative 55.36% 44.64% Approveda
2016 Maine Question 4 $12.00 (2020) Initiative 55.50% 44.50% Approveda
2016 Washington Initiative 1433 $13.50 (2020) Initiative 57.42% 42.58% Approveda
2014 Alaska Measure 3 $9.75 (2016) Initiative 69.35% 30.65% Approveda
2014 Arkansas Issue 5 $8.50 (2017) Initiative 65.94% 34.06% Approveda
2014 Nebraska Initiative 425 $9.00 (2016) Initiative 59.47% 40.53% Approveda
2014 South Dakota Measure 18 $8.50 (2015) Initiative 55.05% 44.95% Approveda
2013 New Jerseu Question 2 $8.25 (2014) Referral 61.26% 38.74% Approveda
2006 Arizona Proposition 2022 $6.75 (2007) Initiative 65.37% 34.63% Approveda
2006 Colorado Initiative 42 $6.85 (2007) Initiative 53.30% 46.70% Approveda
2006 Missouri Proposition B $6.50 (2007) Initiative 75.94% 24.06% Approveda
2006 Montana I-151 $6.50 (2007) Initiative 72.69% 27.31% Approveda
2006 Nevada Question 6 $6.15 (2006)[2] Initiative 68.71% 31.29% Approveda
2006 Ohio Amendment 2 $6.85 (2007) Initiative 56.65% 43.35% Approveda
2004 Florida Amendment 5 $6.15 (2005) Initiative 71.25% 28.75% Approveda
2004 Nevada Question 6 $6.15 (2006)[2] Initiative 68.4% 31.6% Approveda
2002 Oregon Measure 25 $6.90 (2003) Initiative 51.3% 48.7% Approveda
1998 Washington Initiative 688 $6.50 (2000) Initiative 66.1% 33.9% Approveda
1996 California Proposition 210 $5.75 (1998) Initiative 61.45% 38.55% Approveda
1996 Missouri Proposition A $6.75 (1999)[3] Initiative 28.70% 71.30% Defeatedd
1996 Montana I-121 $6.25 (2000) Initiative 43.53% 56.47% Defeatedd
1996 Oregon Measure 36 $6.50 (1999) Initiative 56.85% 43.15% Approveda


Ballot measures lists

By state

Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year.

Alaska

  1. Alaska Minimum Wage Increase, Ballot Measure 3 (2014)
  2. Alaska Minimum Wage Increase and Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024)

Arizona

  1. Arizona Proposition 202, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)
  2. Arizona Minimum Wage and Paid Time Off, Proposition 206 (2016)
  3. Arizona Tipped Worker Wages Amendment (2024)

Arkansas

  1. Arkansas Minimum Wage Initiative, Issue 5 (2014)
  2. Arkansas Minimum Wage and Overtime, Initiated Act 1 (1960)
  3. Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)

California

  1. California Proposition 210, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (1996)
  2. California Proposition 44, Minimum Wage Amendment (1914)
  3. California $18 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)

Colorado

  1. Colorado Amendment 42, Minimum Wage Initiative (2006)
  2. Colorado $12 Minimum Wage, Amendment 70 (2016)

Florida

  1. Florida Amendment 5, Minimum Wage Initiative (2004)
  2. Florida Amendment 2, $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2020)

Illinois

  1. Illinois Minimum Wage Increase Question (2014)

Massachusetts

  1. Massachusetts Minimum Wage for Tipped Employees Initiative (2024)

Michigan

  1. Michigan $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)

Missouri

  1. Missouri Minimum Wage, Proposition A (1996)
  2. Missouri Minimum Wage, Proposition B (2006)
  3. Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  4. Missouri Local Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  5. Missouri Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative (2024)

Montana

  1. Montana Increase Minimum Wage, I-121 (1996)
  2. Montana Minimum Wage, I-151 (2006)

Nebraska

  1. Nebraska Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 425 (2014)

Nevada

  1. Nevada Minimum Wage Increase, Question 6 (2004)
  2. Nevada Minimum Wage Act, Question 6 (2006)
  3. Nevada Question 2, Minimum Wage Amendment (2022)

New Jersey

  1. New Jersey Minimum Wage Increase Amendment, Public Question 2 (2013)

Ohio

  1. Ohio Issue 2, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)
  2. Ohio Worker Welfare Provisions Amendment (September 1912)
  3. Ohio Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2024)

Oklahoma

  1. Oklahoma Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2024)

Oregon

  1. Oregon Measure 36, Minimum Wage Increase to $6.50 Initiative (1996)
  2. Oregon Measure 25, Increase State Minimum Wage Initiative (2002)

South Dakota

  1. South Dakota Increased Minimum Wage, Initiated Measure 18 (2014)
  2. South Dakota Decreased Youth Minimum Wage Veto Referendum, Referred Law 20 (2016)

Washington

  1. Washington Initiative 688, Minimum Wage Measure (1998)
  2. Washington Initiative 518, Minimum Wage Increase Measure (1988)
  3. Washington Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 1433 (2016)

By year

Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year.

2024

  1. California $18 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  2. Alaska Minimum Wage Increase and Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024)
  3. Missouri Local Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  4. Missouri Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative (2024)
  5. Michigan $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)
  6. Ohio Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2024)
  7. Massachusetts Minimum Wage for Tipped Employees Initiative (2024)
  8. Oklahoma Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2024)
  9. Arizona Tipped Worker Wages Amendment (2024)

2022

  1. Nevada Question 2, Minimum Wage Amendment (2022)

2020

  1. Florida Amendment 2, $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2020)

2018

  1. Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  2. Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)

2016

  1. Arizona Minimum Wage and Paid Time Off, Proposition 206 (2016)
  2. South Dakota Decreased Youth Minimum Wage Veto Referendum, Referred Law 20 (2016)
  3. Washington Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 1433 (2016)
  4. Colorado $12 Minimum Wage, Amendment 70 (2016)

2014

  1. South Dakota Increased Minimum Wage, Initiated Measure 18 (2014)
  2. Alaska Minimum Wage Increase, Ballot Measure 3 (2014)
  3. Illinois Minimum Wage Increase Question (2014)
  4. Nebraska Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 425 (2014)
  5. Arkansas Minimum Wage Initiative, Issue 5 (2014)

2013

  1. New Jersey Minimum Wage Increase Amendment, Public Question 2 (2013)

2006

  1. Colorado Amendment 42, Minimum Wage Initiative (2006)
  2. Missouri Minimum Wage, Proposition B (2006)
  3. Nevada Minimum Wage Act, Question 6 (2006)
  4. Montana Minimum Wage, I-151 (2006)
  5. Ohio Issue 2, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)
  6. Arizona Proposition 202, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2006)

2004

  1. Nevada Minimum Wage Increase, Question 6 (2004)
  2. Florida Amendment 5, Minimum Wage Initiative (2004)

2002

  1. Oregon Measure 25, Increase State Minimum Wage Initiative (2002)

1998

  1. Washington Initiative 688, Minimum Wage Measure (1998)

1996

  1. California Proposition 210, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (1996)
  2. Missouri Minimum Wage, Proposition A (1996)
  3. Montana Increase Minimum Wage, I-121 (1996)
  4. Oregon Measure 36, Minimum Wage Increase to $6.50 Initiative (1996)

1988

  1. Washington Initiative 518, Minimum Wage Increase Measure (1988)

1960

  1. Arkansas Minimum Wage and Overtime, Initiated Act 1 (1960)

1914

  1. California Proposition 44, Minimum Wage Amendment (1914)

1912

  1. Ohio Worker Welfare Provisions Amendment (September 1912)

Did not make ballot

Did not make ballot

  1. Florida "Fair Wage and Benefits" Amendment (2012)
  2. Missouri Minimum Wage Initiative (2012)
  3. California Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2014)
  4. Idaho Minimum Wage Initiative (2014)
  5. Missouri Minimum Wage Initiative (2014)
  6. Minnesota Inflation Adjusted Minimum Wage Amendment (2014)
  7. Louisiana State Minimum Wage Amendment (2014)
  8. Massachusetts Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2014)
  9. Washington Uniform Minimum Wage Measure, Initiative 1358 (2014)
  10. California Minimum Wage Supplement for Home Health Workers (2014)
  11. Michigan Minimum Wage Initiative (2014)
  12. New Mexico Minimum Wage Amendment (2014)
  13. Washington Wage-Setting Authority Initiative (2015)
  14. Texas Minimum Wage Increase Amendment (2015)
  15. Washington Uniform Minimum Wage Measure, Initiative 1389 (2015)
  16. Washington Uniform Minimum Wage Measure, Initiative 1394 (2015)
  17. Oregon $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  18. Washington Minimum Wage Initiative (ITL) (2016)
  19. Nevada Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2016)
  20. Alabama Minimum Wage Amendment (2016)
  21. Oregon Raise the Wage Initiative (2016)
  22. Michigan Minimum Wage Increase (2006)
  23. Missouri Raise the Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  24. Texas Minimum Wage Increase Amendment, SJR 22 (2017)
  25. Missouri $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  26. Missouri $13 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  27. Missouri Local Minimum Wage and Employment Benefits Initiative (2018)
  28. New Jersey $15 Minimum Wage Amendment (2017)
  29. Massachusetts $15 Minimum Wage by 2019 Initiative (2018)
  30. Michigan Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
  31. Missouri $14 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  32. Nevada Minimum Wage Increase Amendment (2020)
  33. Washington Repeal Excise Taxes and Reduce Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  34. Missouri $11 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  35. Washington $15 Minimum wage by 2025 Initiative (2018)
  36. Florida Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
  37. Massachusetts $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
  38. North Dakota Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2020)
  39. Idaho Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2020)
  40. Arizona Repeal Presumption of Employer Retaliation Provision of Minimum Wage Law Measure (2018)
  41. California "Fair Wage Act of 2016" $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  42. California "Raise California's Wage and Paid Sick Days Act" $15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)
  43. California Fast Food Restaurant Minimum Wage and Labor Regulations Referendum (2024)
Voting on
Minimum Wage
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See also


Footnotes

  1. ↑ Note: In 2014, voters approved an advisory question on increasing the minimum wage in Illinois. As this question was nonbinding, the measure is not counted here.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Question 6 provided that employers to compensate employees $5.15 per hour when the employer provides health benefits or $6.15 per hour when the employer does not provide health benefits.
  3. ↑ Proposition A would have also added 15 cents to the minimum wage each year beginning in 2000.
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